I read that the government is considering introducing a law banning forced marriage. Whenever discussion of this subject comes up it seems that only one party - the woman - is being forced. I asked the question whether or not the man was forced too. The very idea seems to have struck some people as quite unfamiliar. Following this, Linda and I had a good long telephone conversation on the subject. She had researched the subject and written on it for a Times article a few years ago. She gave me an account of what she discovered and the thoughts below follow on that..
Arising out of the conversation there seem be two major distinctions.
1) The distinction between forced and arranged marriage (as I understand it the former is an enforced version of the latter with some variants and differences.)
2) The distinction between the forcing into marriage and what happens within the marriage afterwards.
Is it possible on the basis of these distinctions that the proposed legislation is aimed at the wrong target, that the perceived disadvantage for the woman is not in the forcing but in the marriage arrangement itself? Linda and a few others have suggested that once the marriage has taken place the man may have greater freedom to enjoy affairs or simply female friendship once married while the woman is (always? often? in what proportion of cases?) confined to the house under the head-of-the-household, her mother-in-law.
Clearly, these cultural contexts are important. How far can or should legislation touch them? As regards the act of forcing, I wonder whether our European expectations of a romantic marriage, that in the great majority of cases involve the man proposing and the woman having the choice of accepting or rejecting, are offended by forced marriage because it removes the prerogative of the woman to accept or reject.
In other words we may be perfectly prepared for a man's offer to be accepted or rejected (that's his lot) whereas we are unprepared for a woman not to be allowed the choice (that's her right). The man, as a potential proposer in traditional European practice, has no right to receive any particular answer: the woman has a right to whatever answer she chooses.
Is that why the conventional Western response to forced marriage concentrates entirely on the woman, to the extent that the man forced to marry her is either non-existent or even party to the arrangement. He is never even mentioned.
Maybe his rights and feelings are of no importance because he is assumed to be likely to enjoy more freedoms in the marriage once it has taken place. Maybe so. But it is curious never to hear of the other party in a forced arrangement.
Here, however, is an article from today's Guardian that tells it from the man's angle. I note he has a Hungarian wife.
2 comments:
I think there is another distinction too - that of age.
Where two young people are being forced into marriage by their families it had not occurred to me to see it only as a women's issue - the young men need protection of the law just as much.
There are also forced marriages where young girls are married to middle-aged or older men; my understanding is that it is often to do with community politics or debt. In those cases it is surely only an issue for the girls as no-one is forcing the older man.
I don't get your point here: "In other words we may be perfectly prepared for a man's offer to be accepted or rejected (that's his lot) whereas we are unprepared for a woman not to be allowed the choice (that's her right)."
Isn't it the same if it were the woman proposing, which they do sometimes? Is it not that no-one has the right to force another to accept a proposal (whether it it marriage or going out for a drink)?
The woman proposing is, I imagine, still relatively rare. I am of course concerned with the young men not with the age difference, which you are right to point out..
The core idea of the piece is the potential contrast between western ideas of romantic marriage in which it is generally the woman who accepts or rejects a proposal and between a society where arranged marriage is accepted. The arranged marriage may allow for the opinion of the couple, forced marriage is an arranged marriage that doesn't. The question then is whether western opinion and expectation is applied to a non-western custom.
There are many complications beyond that - such as the laws of the country where the forced marriage takes place, on the citizenship of either party being forced to marry. And beyond the legal question the moral questions of one value system determining another. That is the very hard one because that extends well beyond marriage to questions of intervention in massacres abroad.
But in terms of western interest it struck me that forced marriage generally is presented entirely in terms of the woman - before the Guardian piece I had never seen the other side presented.
In the case of a couple roughly equally matched in age that seemed odd and I was trying to find reasons for it.
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